Lady Justice Thirlwall has been appointed to chair the Lucy Letby inquiry.
The senior appeal court judge has been tasked with exploring how neonatal nurse Letby was able to murder seven babies.
The inquiry will look at how the NHS handled the case and its response to doctors who raised concerns.
It will be a statutory inquiry so will have powers to compel witnesses to give evidence.
Letby is the most prolific child serial killer in modern British history. Health Secretary Steve Barclay called her crimes “some of the very worst the UK has witnessed”.
“I know that nothing can come close to righting the wrongs of the past but I hope that Lady Justice Thirlwall’s inquiry will go at least some way towards giving the victims’ families the answers they deserve,” he said.
Ministers had initially said the inquiry would not have full statutory powers but last week announced, after criticism from victims’ families, it would be upgraded.
Silence doctors
Letby, 33, was given a whole life sentence for murdering seven babies and attempting to kill six more while working at the Countess of Chester Hospital neonatal unit between 2015 and 2016, meaning she will spend the rest of her life in prison.
She was found not guilty of a further two attempted murders and the jury failed to reach verdicts on another six, during the 10-month trial.
BBC News has since been told hospital bosses failed to investigate allegations against Letby and tried to silence doctors.
The hospital also delayed calling the police, despite months of warnings the nurse may have been killing babies, according to its doctors.
Mr Barclay also told the House of Commons the government would consider whether tighter regulation of managers was needed.
Officials at the Department of Health and Social Care and NHS England would explore introducing a disbarring service, he said, something previously seen as unnecessary following reviews of NHS management.