The first minister is expected to tell a pro-independence rally that the Yes movement can help “right the historic wrong” of Brexit.
Humza Yousaf will address a crowd outside the Scottish Parliament following a Believe in Scotland march from Edinburgh Castle.
He is expected to say Scotland could get “back on the right track” by re-joining the EU.
Opposition parties accused Mr Yousaf of being obsessed with independence and out of touch with public opinion.
The first minister is expected to Brexit as a “national tragedy”.
The UK government said the public was more interested in the economy and the recovery of the NHS than independence.
A spokesman said: “People in Scotland want both their governments to be concentrating on the issues that matter most to them, like growing our economy, halving inflation and improving public services.
“We want to work constructively with the Scottish government to tackle our shared challenges because that is what families and businesses in Scotland expect.
“This is not the time to be talking about distracting constitutional change.”
The Scottish Conservatives’ constitution spokesman Donald Cameron said Mr Yousaf “needs to realise he is the first minister for Scotland, not the SNP”.
He added: “His appearance at the independence rally shows his top priority is to push for another divisive referendum.
“People across Scotland will be infuriated that the first minister attended this march and believes separating our country is more important than helping households through the global cost of living crisis and fixing our broken NHS and crumbling schools.”